.Net Framework Related Interview Questions

 .Net Framework Related Interview Questions-1

1. What are the main components of .NET Framework?

Microsoft has started .NET Framework to provide enormous advantages to software developers in comparison to the advantages provided by other platforms. Microsoft has united various modern as well as existing technologies of software development in .NET Framework. These technologies are used by developers to develop highly efficient applications for modern as well as future business needs.

The following are the key components of .NET Framework:

• Common Language Specification(CLS)
• Common Type System
• NET Framework Class Library ( Formally known as BCL-Base class library)
• Common Language Runtime(CLR) or(Virtual Execution System)

2. What is an IL code?

Intermediate Language code is also known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language).the source code written in any application using any .net compatible language(such as c.net#,Vb.net etc.) is first  compiled and convert into IL code format only. IL is then converted to Machine code or Native code with the help of CLR’s Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler by targeting client machine.

3. What Is CLR?

CLR is the execution engine of .net framework where all .net applications run under the supervision of CLR.applications that run under the CLR are provide with the following benefits.

•  Security
• Portability
• Automatic memory management

4. What CLR internally contains?

• CLR Internally contains the following things in it.
•  Security Manager
• Class Ladder
• JIT( Just In Time) compiler
• Garbage Collector

5. What is Security Manager?

Security manager is responsible for taking care of the security of applications .i.e. it will not allow applications to interact directly with the Operating system Or Operating System to interact directly with the application.

6. What is Class Ladder?

Class Ladder is responsible for loading required libraries that are consumed under the applications, from base class libraries in the runtime for the execution of applications.

7. What is JIT compiler?

Just in time compiler is responsible for the conversion of CIL Code into native code adopting a process known as “Conversion gradually during the program execution”.

8. What is Garbage Collector?

Garbage collection prevents memory leaks during execution of programs. Garbage collector is a low-priority process that manages the allocation and deallocation of memory for your application. It checks for the unreferenced variables and objects. If GC finds any object that is no longer used by the application, it frees up the memory from that object. GC has changed a bit with the introduction of .NET 4.0. In .NET 4.0, the GC.Collect() method contains the following overloaded methods: GC.Collect(int) GC.Collect(int, GCCollectionMode) Another new feature introduced in .NET is to notify you when the GC.Collect() method is invoked and completed successfully by using different methods. The .NET 4.0 supports a new background garbage collection that replaces the concurrent garbage collection used in earlier versions. This concurrent GC allocates memory while running and uses current segment (which is 16 MB on a workstation) for that. After that, all threads are suspended. In case of background GC, a separate ephemeral GC - gen0 and gen1 can be started, while the full GC - gen0, 1, and 2 - is already running.

9. What is code access security (CAS)?

 Code access security (CAS) is part of the .NET security model that prevents unauthorized access of resources and operations, and restricts the code to perform particular tasks.

 10. Differentiate between managed and unmanaged code?

 Managed code is the code that is executed directly by the CLR instead of the operating system. The code compiler first compiles the managed code to intermediate language (IL) code, also called as MSIL code. This code doesn't depend on machine configurations and can be executed on different machines. Unmanaged code is the code that is executed directly by the operating system outside the CLR environment. It is directly compiled to native machine code which depends on the machine configuration. In the managed code, since the execution of the code is governed by CLR, the runtime provides different services, such as garbage collection, type checking, exception handling, and security support. These services help provide uniformity in platform and language-independent behavior of managed code applications. In the unmanaged code, the allocation of memory, type safety, and security is required to be taken care of by the developer. If the unmanaged code is not properly handled, it may result in memory leak. Examples of unmanaged code are ActiveX components and Win32 APIs that execute beyond the scope of native CLR.